ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance and its main factors in AIDS patients receiving to HAART in Zhecheng county, Henan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By cross-sectional survey, 378 AIDS patients who had received the national free antiretroviral therapy from July 2003 to March 2009 in Zhecheng county of Henan were selected. All recruits were interviewed and blood samples were collected. HIV-1 viral loads were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, HIV genotypic resistance was determined by an in-house polymerase chain reaction to amplify the HIV-1 pol gene region.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 378 subjects receiving antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence of successful viral suppression was 42.9% (162/378), and HIV-1 drug resistance was detected in 47.1% (178/378) patients. The rate of resistance-associated mutations to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) was 46.6% (176/378), 37.8% (143/378) and 1.9% (7/378), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors associated with the prevalence of drug resistance included drug non-adherence (ratio of on-time drug intake in the past month < 90%:≥ 90% = 64.5% (40/62):43.7% (138/316), OR = 2.3, 95%CI: 1.3 - 4.1), and initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) with didanosine (DDI) (ART with DDI:ART with lamivudine (3TC) = 53.3% (137/257):33.9% (41/121), OR = 2.3, 95%CI = 1.1 - 4.5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among ART patients in Zhecheng county of Henan was high. Drug non-adherence and initiation of ART with DDI were the main factors of drug resistance.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Drug Therapy , Virology , Anti-HIV Agents , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , China , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Resistance, Viral , HIV-1ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the detection rate of impaired fasting glycaemia(IFG),the prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM)and related risk factors,the current situation on awareness,treatment and the rate of control on diabetes mellitus in residents living in Nangang district of Harbm city.Heilongiiang province.Methods A cross-sectional cluster sampling was carried out in residents aged over 35 years.1iving in Fendou community of Harbin city.Results Data from 3017 out of 3183 residents were analyzed.In men.women and overall residents,the detection rates of IFG were 5.38%.2.44% and 3.75%,respectively.After standardization,the detection rates became 5.41%,2.18%and 3.59%,respectively.The prevalence rates of DM were 12.40%,8.46%,10.21%and 11.80%,8.20%and 9.77%,before and after standardization.Results showed statistical difference between age.sex and levels of fasting glycaemia.Dam from single factor analysis revealed that smoking,BMI,hypertension and high triglyceride were risk factors on the levels of high fasting glycaemia.Results from multivariable stepwise analysis showed that sex,age,BMI,hypertension and high triglyceride were significant factors influencing the levels of high fasting glycaemia with the OR(95%CI)is 1.546(1.250-1.912),1.308 (1.171-1.461),1.038(1.010-1.066),1.388(1.106-1.741)and 1.700(1.370-2.110),respectively.The rates on awareness.treatment and control in DM were 73.38%,59.42%and 36.36%respectively.Among those who had knowledge on DM.the rates on treatment and on centrel were 80.97%and 61.20%.Conclusion Our results showed that the prevalence of DM was high in the communities and it is essential to further iIlcrease the awareness,treatment and conUol rates on DM.
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Objective To investigate the current status of impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG),diabetes mellitus(DM) and correlated factors, as well as on the awareness, treatment and control rate of diabetes mellitus in rural residents of Lanxi, Heilongjiang. Methods Cross-sectional and cluster sampling method was carried out on 3480 residents over 35 years of age, in rural residents of Lanxi Pingshan,Heilongjiang province. Results To male, female and all, the detecting rate of IFG were 5.06%,4.38% and 4.68% respectively, and the standardization rate of IFG became 4.71%, 4.24% and 4.47% respectively. The prevalence rates of DM were 7.85%, 6.57% and 7.15% but after standardization, they became 7.22%, 6.62% and 6.80% respectively. Results did not show statistical difference between sex and the level of fasting glycaemia (χ2 = 2. 725, P = 0. 256). The prevalence rates of IFG and DM increased with age and difference was seen between age and fasting glycaemia level (χ2 = 58.115, P = 0. 000). Data from multivariable stepwise analysis showed that age, smoking, BMI and high triglyceride were the significant factors in fasting glycaemia level, and the ORs (95% CI) were 1. 518 ( 1. 360-1. 694), 1. 277(1.134-1.439),1.187(1.014-1.391) and 1.754(1.385-2.220) respectively. The rates of awareness,treatment and control rate in DM were 12.74%, 9.43% and 4.72% respectively while the treatment rate among those who knew the disease was 74.07%. Conclusion Our result showed that the isolating rate of IFG and the prevlence rate DM were high in this region, but the awareness, treatment and control rate in DM were low. It is essential to strengthen health promotion program on diabetic knowledge and to elevate the primary and secondary prevention in the rural of Heilongjiang,so as to raise the rate of control.
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Objective To access the prevalence of prehypertensive stage and its associated risk factors in rural inhabitants from Lanxi county in Heilongjiang province.Methods Through cluster multistage and random sampling methods,local people aged≥15 years old in Lanxi county were selected.A survey on blood pressure and associated risk factors wasearried out.Overnight fasting blood specimen of people aged≥35 years old Was collected.Chi square test,t-test and logistic regression analyses were then performed.Results 5272 residents were surveyed including 2539 male and 2733 female subjects.The overall prevalence of prehypertension Was 36.34％.The prevalence of prehypertension appeared to be higher in males(39.50％)than in females(33.41％)(X2=58.9887,P<0.0001),The prevalence of prehypertension decreased with increasing age in men≥25 years old(x=96.0698,P<0.0001),and in women≥35 years old(X2=11.5784,p=0.0208).Data from multivariable logistic regression showed that being male.Aged(≥55 years old),with waist circumference As≥85 cm for men and≥80 cm for women.BMI≥25.0 kg/m2 and fasting plasma glucose≥7.0 mmol/L were risk factors of prehypertension while high.Density Iipoprotein cholesterol<0.9 mmol/L was shown as a protective factor(OR=0.740,P=0.0036).Dose-response relationships were seen between prehypertension and age,BMI and FPG.Conclusion Prehypertension Was popular in the rural area,with high prevalence seen in teenagers.Programs on prehypertension prevention should start from teenagers.Risk factors of prehypertension increased when people became age 55 or older.There was a need to monitot BP more often and to eontror BP through non-drug methods.